Elementary Examination Type Examples Free Essays

David, Alyssa Marie L. EDUC05A BEEd/A34(Miss Oharrah Mae Bernardez) SCIENCE III Test I: Multiple Choice: DIRECTION: Encircle the letter of the right answer. 1. We will compose a custom paper test on Rudimentary Examination Type Examples or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now ) These nourishments are the vitality giving nourishments. a. ) Go Foodsc. ) Grow Foods b. ) Glow Foodsd. ) Junk Foods 2. ) These nourishments are the working out food sources. a. ) Go Foodsc. ) Grow Foods b. ) Glow Foodsd. ) Junk Foods 3. ) These nourishments are the controlling food sources. a. ) Go Foodsc. ) Grow Foods b. ) Glow Foodsd. ) Junk Foods 4. ) Unhealthy nourishments has a place with ____________. a. Go Foodsc. ) Grow Foods b. ) Glow Foodsd. ) Junk Foods 5. ) Chicken, egg, fish and meat are ___________. a. ) Go Foodsc. ) Grow Foods b. ) Glow Foodsd. ) Junk Foods 6. ) Fruits and vegetables bunch has a place with ___________. a. ) Go Foodsc. ) Grow Foods b. ) Glow Foodsd. ) Junk Foods 7. ) Which of the accompanying nourishments doesn't have a place with the gathering? a. ) Cheese Curlsc. ) Apple b. ) Bananad. ) Eggplant 8. ) Which of the accompanying articulations is TRUE? a. ) Man can live without foodc. ) Food isn't essential to man b. Man can't live without foodd. ) Food doesn’t offer vitality to man 9. ) Glow Foods makes our bones ___________. a. ) develop tallerc. ) be mindful b. ) be strongd. ) be dynamic 10. ) Grow Foods helps little youngsters __________. a. ) develop tallerc. ) be mindful b. ) be strongd. ) be dynamic 11. ) Go Foods keeps us ___________. a. ) alert and activec. ) languid and tired b. ) develop tallerd. ) solid 12. ) Man takes food to have the required __________ to have the option to do exercises. a. ) boredomc. ) consideration b. ) energyd. ) companions 1 Instructions to refer to Elementary Examination Type Examples, Papers

Death sentence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Capital punishment - Essay Example Besides, criminologists have indicated that individuals who carry out capital violations, for example, murder do it at the ‘heat of the moment.’ Such wrongdoings are not planned, and are normally dedicated because of stress or the impact of liquor or different medications. In carrying out violations, the hoodlums are not in a steady psyche state. Accordingly, past executions don't help in preventing a person from carrying out wrongdoing. Thirdly, inquire about has indicated that life detainment is a superior option for stopping wrongdoing contrasted with capital punishment. People carrying out an actual existence punishment work in a specific daily practice and are not a danger to society. In this way, capital punishment doesn't have an extra impact in preventing wrongdoing (Ruppin, 2012). At last, history and research have demonstrated that brutality is a scholarly conduct, and thusly paying little heed to the seriousness of the discipline offered, such wrongdoings will even now be submitted. Capital punishment can't help in halting a conduct that is basic to a given society or gathering. Taking everything into account, there is no proof to demonstrate that capital punishment assists with decreasing wrongdoing, and in this manner ought to be abrogated. Endeavors ought to be coordinated towards taking care of social issues, for example, medicate

120+ Most Common Business Acronyms And Their Meaning Where Necessary

120+ Most Common Business Acronyms And Their Meaning Where Necessary E-MAIL ACRONYMSASAP: As soon as possible the Common phrase used to assure someone that the task will be completed in short term, or to urge him/her to finish his/her task as soon as possible.COB: Close of business â€" It indicates the end of a business day in New York and defines U.S working hours. In business communication, it’s used to set a deadline when a task has to be done by 5 PM EST.DM: Direct message or direct mail.ESP: Email service provider.EOT: End of thread â€" Mostly used in email, blogs and online chats, EOT is also known as text message shorthand. It means “the end of discussion”.EOM: End of message â€" Often used in e-mails, EOM signals that the whole message is in the subject line. Its used to save the receivers time by signalizing that the message is very short and doesnt have to be opened.EOD: End of day â€" Similar to the COB, it indicates the end of a day and is used to set a deadline when a task has to be done by the end of the business day (5 PM). When the time zone isnt provided, the senders time zone is taken for EOD.EOW: End of the week â€" This one is used when you’re asking for something or sending something before the week ends.FYI: For your information â€" Use this one to add a side note to your e-mail.FWIW: For what it’s worth â€" FWIW can be seen in online conversations such as e-mails, instant messaging and similar when someone gives feedback on something but doesnt want to sound rude.IAM: In a meeting â€" The name says it all â€" it’s practical when you’re in a hurry and can’t reply with anything longer.IMO: In my opinion â€" IMO is commonly seen when submitting feedback to make you sound less like “I already know everything”.LET: Leaving early today â€" Usually found in group e-mails, LET informs other workers that someone is leaving earlier.LMK: Let me know â€"“When you need people to get back to you with additional information about something, LMK  is one of the phrases you can use to ask for it.” â €" explains Marko in his article.Most often it’s heard in formal conversation.NIM: No internal message â€" It is used in e-mails, on the end of a subject line and indicates that there is no internal message (nothing in the body).NRN: No reply necessary â€" This one is used in e-mails and indicates that a reply isnt necessary. This reduces pointless replies such as Sure, sounds goodNSFW: Not safe for work â€" Another meaning is Not suitable for work. It can be used in corporate e-mails to explain that the message might contain explicit content. This helps the recipient avoid reading unpleasant messages.NWR: Not work related â€" NWR has a usage in corporate e-mails to signal that the content isnt related to business.OT: Off-topic â€" OT is used in e-mail threads to signal that the reply is on another topic and different than the rest of the threadPLMK: Please let me know â€" Made to save time while writing an e-mail and used to ask for the receivers opinion.PRB: Please reply by Ask s the recipient to reply by a certain time. This avoids late responses.Re: Referring to â€" Used in business letters, Re introduces the subject that letter is about. It’s a prefix used before the subject line, and can also indicate that the new message is a reply to a previous one.TED: Tell me, explain to me, describe to me â€" Useful reminder for a salesperson to ask customers more open questions in order to gather information about their needs and requirements. These questions usually start with TED phrases or What, How, Which, When, Why, etc.TLDR: Too long, didn’t read â€" A very common acronym, usually seen on the internet before or after long texts. It’s used to request a shortened version of these texts.TLTR: Too long to read â€" Mostly used in e-mails, TLTR implies that you sent a too massive message which your sender cant read at the moment. It also requires you to summarize the message and send a short explanation.TYT: Take your time â€" Used while texting or sending e-mails, it gives a receiver time to think before sending a reply.Y/N: Yes or no â€" Saves a recipients time by asking for a simple answer â€" only yes or no.TECHNICAL ACRONYMSADC: Analog to digital converter.API: Application program interface â€" A set of tools and protocols for making application software.ASCII: American standard code for information interchange â€" Commonly used format for representing characters in computer text files. In ASCII files, every numeric, alphabetic and special character is represented with an 8-bit binary number.ATA: Analog telephony adapter â€" Device which connects one or more standard analog telephones with a HVoice.CPU: Central processing unit.CSS: Cascading style sheet â€" This is a computer language for structuring web pages.FTP: File transport protocol.HTML: Hypertext markup language â€" Language used for structuring content on the web.HTTP: HyperText transfer protocol â€" World wide web protocol.HTTPS: HyperText transfer protocol secure.HUB Device for connecting all Ethernet devices together.ISP: Internet service provider.IP: Internet protocol.OS: Operating system.UI: User interface.URL: Universal resource locator.UX: User experience.VPN: Virtual private network.RAM: Random-access memory â€" A type of computer data storage used to store machine code and working data.ROM: Read only memory â€" A type of memory used in computers and other electronic devices, with data that cannot be modified.ROR: Ruby on Rails â€" Open source Web application framework for developing database-backed applications, written in Ruby  programming language.RSS: Rich site summary or really simple syndication.RPA: Robotic process automationWLAN: Wireless local area network â€" WLAN links devices by wireless distribution method and provides a connection through the access point to wide internet.WYSIWYG: What you see is what you get â€" Program which allows a developer to see the end result while the document is being created.OTHER At some times, work can become a little overwhelming for every one of us. It just happens that we can’t imagine it becoming even worse. But we assure you it can.A whole range of criteria has to be satisfied to flourish at work, and doing your job right is just a half of work.One of the key elements of every successful business is good communication, not only with clients but also between the colleagues in the office.However, for many people, even their dream job can turn into a worse nightmare, when they realize they just dont fit in that particular group of people who seem to be talking on another language.Why does this happen?Perhaps it didn’t really matter until, all of a sudden, all the conversation (from casual to formal) turned into three-letter words with no particular meaning.Surely you’ve heard of these little phrases on your workplace, but have you ever thought of what they represent or what are the benefits of using them?Many times your boss just cant spare 5 more mi nutes to explain to you whats going on, so he just says IAM or TTYL.And your colleagues leave earlier every day but the only thing they leave is a note saying LET.Are you starting to feel like an alien in your own office?Its like everyone else has their secret language and keep talking behind your back.Well, be sure it’s not as secret as that. And even the best of them occasionally forget what some of these mean so they just nod their heads to show understanding.Maybe it’s time to master this important communication skill and stop hiding from your boss to avoid answering this alien language.Here we chose more than 120 most common business acronyms that every worker should know how to use.They are also separated into sections, to make it easier for understanding and learning.Keep reading to learn more about these weird phrases you hear around the office all the time.Also remind yourself to use them as often as possible, since they’ll make you sound more professional.GENERAL ACR ONYMS USED IN BUSINESS AS WELLHBD: Happy birthdayTBH: To be honestLBh: Lets be honestASF: As fuck (it can also be spelled as AF)FML: Fuck my life Useful for whenever your employer starts harassing youBCS: BecauseNSFW: Not safe for workSFW: Safe for workFOMO: Fear of missing outLMK: Let me knowOMW: On my wayFYI: For your informationBRB: Be right backICYMI: In Case You Missed ItTTYS: Talk To You SoonATM: At The MomentBAE: Before Anyone ElseLIFO: Last in and First outACRONYMS FOR JOB AND DEPARTMENT TITLESAB: Administrative BoardABCP: Associate Business Continuity PlannerABM: Area Business ManagerABW: Activity Based WorkplaceAC: Academic CounselorAM: Accounts ManagerBD: Business development â€" They help their companies with finding new clients or selling services/products to existing ones.BKPR: BookkeeperCAO: Chief analytics officer â€" Leads the companys data analytics strategy.CDO: Chief data officer â€" He oversees many data-related functions to make sure the company gets the most from what could be its most valuable asset.CEO: Chief executive officer â€" The highest-ranking executive, whose main duties include making important corporate decisions and managing the resources of a company. He is also the public face of the company.CFO: Chief financial officer â€" His primary responsibility is to manage the companys finances. He also manages financial risks, does financial planning and reporting.CIO: Chief information officer â€" A person in charge of IT (information technology) strategy.CMO: Chief marketing officer â€" Corporate executive who takes care of the companys activities, such as communicating and creating offers for customers or business partners.COO: Chief operating officer â€" A senior executive whose task is to oversee administrative and operational business functions.CPA: Certified public accountant â€" He is a consultant on issues like accounting and taxes.CSO: Chief security officer â€" Senior-level executive, responsible for the development of programs and policies for strategic, operational and financial security risk strategies for protecting people. CSR: Corporate social responsibility â€" Service that helps the company become socially accountable to itself and the public.CTO: Chief technology officer â€" An executive position with a focus on technical and scientific issues within the company.CFP: Certified financial planner â€" An expert in areas such as financial planning, insurance, estate planning, taxes, and retirement. A person who completed the CFP Boards initial exams and got a certificate from the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards.DOE: Depending on experience.GC: General counsel â€" Also known as Chief legal officer (CLO), the general counsel is the main lawyer of the legal department, typically in a governmental department or a company. His responsibilities involve finding legal issues in different departments.HR: Human resources â€" Department managing human resources and overseeing a range of a spects of employment.SME: Subject matter expert â€" Also known as a Domain expert, SME indicates a person with special knowledge and skills in a specific topic or area. Read more at Wikipedia’s article.STRATCOM: Strategic CommunicationsPOC: Point of contact â€" POC represents a department or a person who’s a focal point of information about a certain program or activity. This acronym is used when precision is important and information is time-sensible. For example in WHOIS  databases.PM: Project manager â€" A person responsible for leading projects from start to execution. This position involves managing people, making plans and executions.PR: Public relations â€" Represents a connection between the company and the public and media. A PR specialist can communicate with the audience directly, and more often by different media. The aim is to maintain a positive image of the organization or to create a strong bond with the public.RD: Research and development â€" They play an import ant role in a companys success and help the business be more competitive. Source: https://en.wikipedia.orgBanking and Financial AcronymsACCT: Account.AR: Accounts receivable â€" AP represents amounts of money that customers owe for services/goods used on creditAP: Accounts payable â€" AP usage refers to a business department responsible for payments from the company to suppliers.AIR: Assumed interest rate â€" This represents the rate of interest and growth rate selected by an insurance company.BS: Balance sheet â€" It’s a snapshot that represents all the companys finances at a particular moment.CD: Certificate of deposit.CPU: Cost per unit â€" CPU of production is equivalent to the total cost of production divided by the number of units produced.CR: Credit.CR: Conversion RateCRO: Conversion Rate OptimisationCAGR: Compound Annual Growth RateCAPEX: Capital ExpendituresCD: Certificate of DepositCF: Cash flowDR: Debit.EPS: Earnings per share â€" The company’s profit divided its number of common outstanding  shares.ETF: Exchange Traded FundsFOREX: Foreign e xchange â€" Also known as FX, this term represents the market for currency trading. For example, a euro can be exchanged for a dollar, and similar.FIFO: First in, first out â€" accounting term, used to provide a convention for writing down a balance sheet value of the same type of assets.GL: General LedgerGNP: Gross National ProductGP: Gross ProfitIPO: Initial public offering â€" Technically, IPO is a private company’s first sale of stock to the general public.LIFO: Last in, first out â€" Mainly used in inventory management, this term assumes that the most recent inventory pieces are being sold first.LWOP: Leave without pay â€" This is a temporary nonpaid status granted at the workers request when hes absent from dutyMMKT: Money market â€" MMKT is a trade-in short-term debt investments. This involves large-volume trades among traders and institutions.NAV: Net assets value â€" A value of an entitys liabilities subtracted from the value of its assets.OC: Opportunity CostOE: Equity a nd Owner’s EquityPL: Profit and loss.P/E: Price to earnings â€" P/E ratios are used by analysts and investors to determine the value of the companys sharesP-card: Purchase card.ROA: Return on assets.ROE: Return on equity.ROI: Return on investment.SIV: Structured investment vehicle â€" Special purpose fund which borrows for the short-term by issuing commercial paper, to invest in long-term assets.QTD: Quarter-to-DateMARKETING   ACRONYMSAIDA: Attention, interest, desire, action â€" In selling, your communication and advertising process should follow this sequence if you want to motivate customers and succeed.BANT: Budget, Authority, Need, Timeline The four criteria salesperson uses to qualify prospects. Also, a popular tool for sales leaders to help determine if their prospects have the budget, authority, need, and right timeline to buy whatever they sell.B2B: Business to business Widely used term in business and marketing, a trading model where one business supplies many others.B 2C: Business to consumer Variation of the previous term, it is process for selling directly to consumers.BR: Bounce rate- Term used in internet marketing. BR is the percentage of people who enter the website and then leave instead of continuing to view all other pages on the same siteCMS: Content management system â€" Software that allows you to create and publish content, WordPress for example.CPC: Cost per click â€" Online advertising term.CPL: Cost per lead the cost of your marketing acquiring a lead.CR: Conversion rate â€" CR is the percentage of website visitors who take an action (buying a product, for example).CRM: Customer relationship management â€" This system allows companies to manage business relationships and storage customers’ data. CRM software  lets them keep track of all the contact information for the existing and potential customers. Here you can read more about how does a CRM work.CTA: Call to action â€" Words that make a commercial more effective by urging the reader to take immediate action, such as call now or click here.CTR: Click-through rate â€" CTR is the percentage of website visitors who click on a specific ad shown on that page.CRO: Conversion rate optimization.GA: Google Analytics. KPI: Key performance indicator â€" A measure used to manage the performance and effectiveness of any process or organizational activity.PPC: Pay per click An advertising trick to get more visitors to open the ad. The advertiser pays a website owner or a search engine when the ad is clicked.PV: Page view.QR Barcode: Quick response Code Scannable barcodes used to connect offline and online marketing. People can use their smartphones to scan the QR code with a QR barcode  scanner application. The information encoded by QR barcodes can include text, a URL, and other data.RFP: Request for proposal â€" RFP is a document which contains proposal, mostly made by companies interested in procurement of valuable asset or service, to potential suppliers (to submit business proposals). Its used when the product being requested doesnt exist yet or the request needs technical expertise. The proposal might require research to create what is being requested.ROS: Run of site A term mainly used by media agencies, which means that an online advertising campaign has all pages of a particular website as a target.SaaS: Software as a service â€" SaaS represents a software distribution service in which a third-party provider presents applications and makes them accessible to customers od the internetSEO: Search engine optimization.SMB: Small to medium business.SWOT: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats. UV: Unique visitor.UGC: User generated content.E-MAIL ACRONYMSASAP: As soon as possible the Common phrase used to assure someone that the task will be completed in short term, or to urge him/her to finish his/her task as soon as possible.COB: Close of business â€" It indicates the end of a business day in New York and defines U.S working hours. In business communication, it’s used to set a deadline when a task has to be done by 5 PM EST.DM: Direct message or direct mail.ESP: Email service provider.EOT: End of thread â€" Mostly used in email, blogs and online chats, EOT is also known as text message shorthand. It means “the end of discussion”.EOM: End of message â€" Often used in e-mails, EOM signals that the whole message is in the subject line. Its used to save the receivers time by signalizing that the message is very short and doesnt have to be opened.EOD: End of day â€" Similar to the COB, it indicates the end of a day and is used to set a deadline when a task has to be done by the end of the business day (5 PM). When the time zone isnt provided, the senders time zone is taken for EOD.EOW: End of the week â€" This one is used when you’re asking for something or sending something before the week ends.FYI: For your information â€" Use this one to add a side note to your e-mail.FWIW: For what it’s worth â €" FWIW can be seen in online conversations such as e-mails, instant messaging and similar when someone gives feedback on something but doesnt want to sound rude.IAM: In a meeting â€" The name says it all â€" it’s practical when you’re in a hurry and can’t reply with anything longer.IMO: In my opinion â€" IMO is commonly seen when submitting feedback to make you sound less like “I already know everything”.LET: Leaving early today â€" Usually found in group e-mails, LET informs other workers that someone is leaving earlier.LMK: Let me know â€"“When you need people to get back to you with additional information about something, LMK  is one of the phrases you can use to ask for it.” â€" explains Marko in his article.Most often it’s heard in formal conversation.NIM: No internal message â€" It is used in e-mails, on the end of a subject line and indicates that there is no internal message (nothing in the body).NRN: No reply necessary â€" This one is used in e-mails and in dicates that a reply isnt necessary. This reduces pointless replies such as Sure, sounds goodNSFW: Not safe for work â€" Another meaning is Not suitable for work. It can be used in corporate e-mails to explain that the message might contain explicit content. This helps the recipient avoid reading unpleasant messages.NWR: Not work related â€" NWR has a usage in corporate e-mails to signal that the content isnt related to business.OT: Off-topic â€" OT is used in e-mail threads to signal that the reply is on another topic and different than the rest of the threadPLMK: Please let me know â€" Made to save time while writing an e-mail and used to ask for the receivers opinion.PRB: Please reply by Asks the recipient to reply by a certain time. This avoids late responses.Re: Referring to â€" Used in business letters, Re introduces the subject that letter is about. It’s a prefix used before the subject line, and can also indicate that the new message is a reply to a previous one.TED: Tell me, explain to me, describe to me â€" Useful reminder for a salesperson to ask customers more open questions in order to gather information about their needs and requirements. These questions usually start with TED phrases or What, How, Which, When, Why, etc.TLDR: Too long, didn’t read â€" A very common acronym, usually seen on the internet before or after long texts. It’s used to request a shortened version of these texts.TLTR: Too long to read â€" Mostly used in e-mails, TLTR implies that you sent a too massive message which your sender cant read at the moment. It also requires you to summarize the message and send a short explanation.TYT: Take your time â€" Used while texting or sending e-mails, it gives a receiver time to think before sending a reply.Y/N: Yes or no â€" Saves a recipients time by asking for a simple answer â€" only yes or no.TECHNICAL ACRONYMSADC: Analog to digital converter.API: Application program interface â€" A set of tools and protocols for making appli cation software.ASCII: American standard code for information interchange â€" Commonly used format for representing characters in computer text files. In ASCII files, every numeric, alphabetic and special character is represented with an 8-bit binary number.ATA: Analog telephony adapter â€" Device which connects one or more standard analog telephones with a HVoice.CPU: Central processing unit.CSS: Cascading style sheet â€" This is a computer language for structuring web pages.FTP: File transport protocol.HTML: Hypertext markup language â€" Language used for structuring content on the web.HTTP: HyperText transfer protocol â€" World wide web protocol.HTTPS: HyperText transfer protocol secure.HUB Device for connecting all Ethernet devices together.ISP: Internet service provider.IP: Internet protocol.OS: Operating system.UI: User interface.URL: Universal resource locator.UX: User experience.VPN: Virtual private network.RAM: Random-access memory â€" A type of computer data storage used to store machine code and working data.ROM: Read only memory â€" A type of memory used in computers and other electronic devices, with data that cannot be modified.ROR: Ruby on Rails â€" Open source Web application framework for developing database-backed applications, written in Ruby  programming language.RSS: Rich site summary or really simple syndication.RPA: Robotic process automationWLAN: Wireless local area network â€" WLAN links devices by wireless distribution method and provides a connection through the access point to wide internet.WYSIWYG: What you see is what you get â€" Program which allows a developer to see the end result while the document is being created.OTHERLast but not least, acronyms you often hear around the office, but don’t really know what they could mean. They are the basics so make sure you understand them before getting back to work.BID: Break it down When teaching someone a new skill, don’t show him all at once. Break the process into smaller parts which will be easier to learn.CAPTCHA: Automated public tests mainly seen on webpages, used to find a difference between humans and computers. It is used as a protection.CRAAP: Currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, purposeETA: Estimated time of arrival â€" It’s the expected time of someone/something’s arrival. Commonly used when shipping packages.“The associated term is estimated time of accomplishment, which may be a backronym.” â€" as stated on Wikipedia.EAK: Eating at keyboardELI5: Explain like Im a 5 year oldFTE: Full-time employee â€" FTE measures students or workers involvement in a particular project. It shows how many hours has an employee worked on a full-time basis.KISS: Keep it simple stupid â€" Most people agree that this is one of the greatest acronyms of all time. It reminds us to keep things as less complicated as possible. KISS found its use in many different areas.NOYB: None of your business.MoM: Month over month â€" MoM represents growth rates stated c oncerning the previous months. It’s a rate of change from period to period.MBO: Management by objectivesGTR: Getting readyMTD: Month to date â€" This is a period that starts at the beginning of the current month and ends at the current date. MTD is mainly used for recording results for a particular period. Managers and investors use this to compare the current companys performance with a performance from past periods.IRL In real lifePTO: Paid time off â€" In company policy manuals, PTO states how many hours an employee has for vacations, sick days and personal days.DMC: Deep meaningful conversationFTFY: Fixed that for youOOO: Out of office â€" Standard acronym that is simply showing you’re not on your workplace.PA: Performance appraisal â€" Performance appraisal is a method of evaluation worker’s performance, so this acronym finds its usage in documenting results and providing feedback to the employee.PEST: Political, economic, social, technological changes in the environmen tOGSM: Objective goal, strategies and measuresVAK: Visual, Auditory and KinestheticLPO: Landing page optimizationOTP: On the phone â€" When a person says OTP, he is talking to someone else on the phone.  Generally, it has greater usage in spoken than written.TOS: Terms of service â€" In business, TOS are rules which customers must accept in order to use a companys service.SMART: Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, time-bound When you set a standard or agree on an objective with people, this standard or task should satisfy these criteria if you want it to be effective. This can apply to situations when we need some sort of action from the audience.WIIFM: What’s in it for me â€" The point of the WIIFM concept is that if we dont offer to our customers/audience something useful, they won’t really listen and commit to action. To truly understand their WIIFM issues, it is necessary to show empathy. We need to listen and meet their needs if we want to reach themWOM: Word of mouth â€" Word of mouth marketing/advertising is these days both through face-to-face interaction and online. It means that the clients interest in a companys service or product is reflected in their daily dialogs. Actually, its free advertising triggered by the clients experience.WFH: Work from home â€" WFH is a concept of working outside the office, which allows employees to do their job in a more comfortable environment.YTD: Year to date â€" A period that starts from the beginning of the current year and ends on the current date. YTD is used in many contexts, but mostly to record results of the activities that happened during that period.DFTBA: Don’t forget to be awesome!Since you’ve reached the bottom, it probably wasn’t as hard as you thought, was it?After all, these phrases are essential for all areas of expertise and can be used when writing e-mails, talking to your colleagues, leaving notes and many more situations.It’s important to master them as soon as possible to leave a good impression on everyone at your office, from co-workers to the highest executives.Dont be afraid to use them often; show respect to others whose time is very valuable, but also prove how much YOUR time is important for you and the company.

Information About the Nut-Producing Allegheny Chinkapin

Chinkapin or chinquapin is a small tree found throughout the southeastern United States. It has one nut in a burr that opens into two halves which gives the tree a distinctive chestnut look. Botanists have now condensed the trees grouping of taxa to a single tree, Castanea pumila var. pumila and now consider that the chinkapin is one species comprising two botanical varieties: vars. ozarkensis and pumila. This tree should not be confused with chinquapin oak. The Allegheny chinkapin, also called common chinkapin, may well be the most ignored and undervalued native North American nut tree. It has been widely hailed as a sweet and edible nut and has been of value to its cousin, the American chestnuts breeding programs. It is, however, a small nut encased in a tough bur which makes for difficulties in harvesting the nut. Chinkapin Specifics Scientific name: Castanea pumilaPronunciation: cast-ah-neigha pum-ill-ahCommon name(s): Allegheny chinkapin, common chinquapin, American chinkapinFamily: FagaceaeUSDA hardiness zones: USDA hardiness zones: USDA hardiness zones: 5b through 9AOrigin: native to North America The Special Little Chinkapin Nut The chinkapins fruit is an interesting small, bur covered nut. The bur has sharp spines, 3/4 to 1 1/2 inches in diameter. Often the burs form in clusters on stems but each bur contains a single, shiny brown chestnut-like nut. Nuts are edible and quite sweet when mature in the fall. A horticulturist once remarked, the Allegheny chinkapin makes your mouth water but to see it makes your eyes water, obviously liking both the trees beauty and bounty. Other experts suggest that the tree is well worthy of cultivation as an ornamental shade tree, even if we leave out of the account its rapid growth, productiveness, and delicious little nuts, which will be very acceptable for home use. There are several online sources where you can purchase the tree. General Chinkapin Description Castanea pumila var. pumila can be characterized as a large, spreading, smooth-barked multistemmed shrub, 10 to 15 feet tall, or as a small tree occasionally single stemmed and 30 to 50 feet tall. Large trees are sometimes found in the landscape, especially where they have been groomed and encouraged to grow and where there are few competing trees. Chinkapin Leaf Characteristics Leaf arrangement: alternateLeaf type: simpleLeaf margin: toothedLeaf shape: elliptical; oblongLeaf venation: parallel side veinsLeaf type and persistence: deciduousLeaf blade length: 3 to 6 inchesLeaf color: greenFall color: yellow Chinkapin Nut Harvest The Allegheny chinkapin is normally ready for harvesting in early September in the upper tree hardiness zones and later in the lower portion of the trees natural range. These nuts need to be harvested as soon as they mature. Prompt nut collection is a must as a large wildlife population can remove the entire crop in days. Again, one single brown nut is contained in each spiny green bur. When these burs start to separate and begin changing into a fall yellow color, its time for seed collection. The burs of chinkapin are normally no more than 1.4 to 4.6 cm in diameter and will split into two sections at nut maturity. Pests and Diseases of Chinkapin Chinkapins are fairly susceptible to the Phytophthora cinnamomi root rotting fungus as are many tree species. The tree can also suffer from the blight of the American chestnut. The Allegheny chinkapin seems to be somewhat resistant to the American chestnut blight which is a fungal disease caused by Cryphonectria parasitica. Only a few heavily cankered trees have been found in Georgia and Louisiana. Chinkapins that do blight will continue to sucker and send up shoots from the root collar despite the cankering and will produce fruit. Folklore Legend has it that Captain John Smith recorded the first European record of the chinquapin in 1612. Cpt. Smith writes, The indians have a small fruit growing on little trees, husked like a chestnut, but the fruit most like a very small acorne. This they call Checkinquamins, which they esteem a great daintie. Bottom Line Allegheny chinkapins are prolific producers of sweet, nutty flavored, small chestnuts. They have attractive foliage and flowers, although the odor at blossoming time is considered unpleasant. Horticulturist Michael Dirr says Allegheny chinkapin, has entered my plant life since moving south and makes, as I have seen it, a small shrub that could be used for naturalizing and providing food for wildlife. The great drawback of Allegheny chinkapin is its small nut size and the added disadvantage that many nuts stick fast in the bur at harvest and have to be removed by force. Because these nuts are small, are difficult to harvest and can germinate before harvest time, they have limited potential as a commercial crop. Good news is that the trees small size, precocity, and heavy production may be useful characteristics to breed into the commercial chestnut species. The chinkapin is adapted to a wide range of soils and site conditions and should be considered for its wildlife value. The nuts are eaten by a number of small mammals such as squirrels, rabbits, deermice, and chipmunks. By cutting the stem at the ground surface, dense thickets can be established within a few years to provide food and cover for wildlife, especially grouse, bobwhite, and wild turkey.

Malcolm X By Any Means Necessary Communication Analysis

Malcolm X: By Any Means Necessary Communication Analysis â€Å"We want freedom by any means necessary. We want justice by any means necessary. We want equality by any means necessary.† This famous quote was spoken by African-American Muslim and human rights activist Malcolm X in June of 1964. At this period of time America was going through the era of segregation and the civil rights movement so leaders like Malcolm X wished to bring blacks together to form strong organizations for change. Throughout the speech Malcolm attempts to engage his listeners to his ideas and explain the creation of an organization to increase Black Nationalism. Overall, it was Malcolm X’s plan to enlighten the audience of the creation of The Organization for Afro-American Unity (OAAU), as well as explain the need for justice by any means necessary. He seemed to have a natural structure of presenting by greeting the audience first and then by providing the background on how and why he established the OAAU. 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Influence of Media on Society Free Essays

Name: ____________________________________________ Adjectives An adjective is a word that describes a noun. example: The tall man went into the restaurant. The word tall is an adjective. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Media on Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now It describes the noun, man. Directions: In each sentence, circle the adjective that describes the underlined noun. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Leroy and Jenna walked up to an old castle. Maddie put the golden key in the lock. Today is the fifth day of January. The baby birds flew from the nest. Joe’s truck has a flat tire. Circle the adjective in each sentence. Underline the noun that it describes. Directions: . 7. 8. 9. 10. I am holding a marker in my left hand. Patricia played beautiful music on her guitar. Has anyone read Caitlyn’s latest story? The sly fox outsmarted the chicken. Miguel ordered a large Coke. Super Teacher Worksheets http://www. superteacherworksheets. com Name: ____________________________________________ Adjectives – ANSWER KEY An adjective is a word that describes a noun. example: The tall man went into the restaurant. The word tall is an adjective. It describes the noun, man. Directions: In each sentence, circle the adjective that describes the underlined noun. . 2. 3. 4. 5. Leroy and Jenna walked up to an old castle. Maddie put the golden key in the lock. Today is the fifth day of January. The baby birds flew from the nest. Joe’s truck has a flat tire. Circle the adjective in each sentence. Underline the noun that it describes. Directions: 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I am holding a marker in my left Patricia played beautiful hand. music on her guitar. latest story? Has anyone read Caitlyn’s The sly fox outsmarted the chicken. large Coke. http://www. superteacherworksheets. com Miguel ordered a Super Teacher Worksheets How to cite Influence of Media on Society, Papers

There Is A Lot To Say About The Battle Of Gettysburg. Many People Wond

There is a lot to say about the Battle of Gettysburg. Many people wonder why this battle out of all others during the war was so great. Many questions were asked. Such as, what did they do for supplies? How did they live? What was the typical military strategy? I will also answer many other questions to in this essay. It's really hard to believe the things I saw during the movie. It just makes wonder how stupid the government was to even think about starting a Civil War. Millions and millions of men died in this war. For what? Honor? I certainly think they did not die honorably, but just went out there and got slaughtered. Although many people say that the Union and Confederate armies fought because of the importance of Gettysburg; the thing is that it was just a small town back then. Gettysburg was chosen because it was "good ground". The Confederate army was passing through to go further north and invade the Union territory. The Union army was having the same idea about the south. Good ground was high terrain surrounded by trees. The role geography played in the war was that the army who was placed on the good ground would have a better position on the opposing forces. The officers and soldiers had different lifestyles during the war. The generals would be in cabins or log houses with plenty of supplies. The rest of the army had lived in tents with supplies, but not as much as the generals. So basically the higher your rank, the better you r living conditions were. Although living conditions were different, the strategy was similar. Many times the Union army had to play defensively. The development of trench warfare began. If supplies or ammo got too low, sometimes they would charge and attack the Southerners, like Colonel Chamberlain did when he was defending the line. The Confederate army under the command of General Lee would march all the way to the gate and try to capture it. When in combat, both sides had the same kind of artillery. Soldiers used muskets and small handguns and generals on the other hand would ride on horseback with a sword and pistol. Another type of weaponry that was used were cannons. Even though cannons were much more powerful, muskets were easier due to the fact that they were portable and fired rounds quicker. Treatment during the Civil War was very limited. If your ligaments such as an arm or a leg were shot or wounded it would have to amputate it off. That was the only thing that they could do because like I said medical treatment was very limited. If you had gotten shot anywhere else, there was nothing could be done and it would be only a matter of time before you died. What were the South and North fighting for? Many people asked that question. The North was fighting because they were trying to maintain the Union. The South was fighting for state rights. If you look at it they were both fighting for freedom. So both of their motives for fighting the same reason. Gettysburg may have been a small town, but it played a large part in the Civil War. I think what made Gettysburg one the biggest battles of the Civil War was the fact that so many people lost their lives and that was the deciding battle where the North won the war. In my personal I think that the whole Civil War was stupid and there was no reason it should have taken place. It was nothing but a massacre of millions of men. Gettysburg was perfect example of this. Like I said before these men died for honor, but getting massacred doesn't seem honorable to me, just like Gettysburg and the Civil War.

Good Writers, Bad Books A NaNoWriMo Debrief

Good Writers, Bad Books A NaNoWriMo Debrief Good Writers, Bad Books: A NaNoWriMo Debrief NaNoWriMo is over! Whether you're out celebrating your achievement, or still mulling over your newborn novel, we thought we'd share  a personal, warm and fuzzy  NaNo experience with you, straight from our editor Rebecca Heyman, who did herself complete NaNoWriMo a few years ago. The first and only time I completed NaNoWriMo was back in 2004. I was a sophomore at NYU, and spent most of that November holed up in a coveted single dorm, smoking cigarettes out the room's lone window overlooking Third Avenue. As I recall, the manuscript was built around motifs of twinning, incest, stalking, obsession and - every college English major's favorite - death. We should all take a moment to give thanks to our respective gods that the entire thing was lost along with the hard drive on my first MacBook. It was the baddest of bad books, to put it very mildly.

NOWAK - Surname Meaning and Origin

NOWAK - Surname Meaning and Origin The Polish surname Nowak means new guy in town, from the Polish root nowy (Czech novà ½), meaning new. The Nowak surname was also occasionally bestowed on one who converted to Christianity (a new man). Nowak is the most common surname in Poland, and is also very common in other Slavic countries, especially the Czech Republic, where Novk tops the list of most common surnames. Novak is also the most common surname in Slovenia, and the sixth most common  surname in Croatia. Nowak was also sometimes Anglicized as Novak, so it can be difficult to count solely on spelling to determine the surnames origins. Surname Origin:  Polish Alternate Surname Spellings: NOVAK, NOWIK, NOVIK, NOVACEK, NOVKOVIC, NOWACZYK   Similar to  NOWAKOWSKI Where do People with the Surname NOWAK Live? According to WorldNames publicprofiler, individuals with the Nowak last name are found in the greatest numbers in Poland, followed by Germany and Austria. The greatest concentration of individuals with the Nowak surname are found in south and central Poland, especially the voivodeships (provinces)  of Wielkopolskie, Swietokrzyskie, Malopolskie, Slaskie and Lubuskie.  The Polish-specific surname distribution map on  moikrewni.pl calculates the population distribution of surnames down to the district level, identifying over 205,000 people with the Nowak surname living in Poland, with the majority found in PoznaÅ„, followed by  Krakà ³w, Warszawa,  Ã… Ãƒ ³dÃ… º,  WrocÅ‚aw, Sosnowiec,  BÄ™dzin and Katowice.   The Novak surname is found in the greatest density in Slovenia, according to Forebears, followed by the Czech Republic, Croatia and Slovakia. It is also about twice as common in the United States as compared to Nowak. Famous People with the Surname NOWAK or NOVAK Bob Novak - American  TV talk show personalityKim Novak - American film actressJan Nowak-JezioraÅ„ski - Polish journalist and WWII hero (he added Nowak as a noms de guerre)Lisa Marie Nowak - former American astronaut Genealogy Resources for the Surname NOWAK Nowak Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Nowak surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Nowak surname query. FamilySearch - NOWAK GenealogyAccess over 840,000 free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Nowak surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. DistantCousin.com - NOWAK Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Nowak. NOWAK Surname Family Mailing ListRootsWeb hosts a free mailing list for researchers of the Nowak surname. They also have one for Novak. Browse or search the archive, or subscribe to submit your own Nowak or Novak query. The Nowak Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Polish surname Nowak from the website of Genealogy Today. Polish Genealogy Databases OnlineSearch for information on Nowak ancestors in this collection of Polish genealogy databases and indexes from Poland, the United States and other countries. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia.  Bergenfield, NJ:  Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Hoffman, William F. Polish Surnames: Origins and Meanings.  Chicago:  Polish Genealogical Society, 1993. Rymut, Kazimierz. Nazwiska Polakow.  Wroclaw: Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich - Wydawnictwo, 1991. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

South Africa and the State Florida Brings Me Nirvana-like Tranquility Essay

South Africa and the State Florida Brings Me Nirvana-like Tranquility - Essay Example Until some time ago, it has been hard for me to find peace in the military where I grew up as everything was about rules and obedience. Nevertheless, the opportunity for me to travel around the world gave me some insight into what I truly needed. South Africa then proved to be the closest answer to my needs. When I went there in 1998, there was something in the deep blue waters and the luscious green vegetation of South Africa, something like a call to go back to nature and return to innocence. Some people believe it is just nature itself that gives inspiration to someone during these times but I believe it is more than that. For someone like me who has gotten used to the bustling city life, nature is a whole new experience and this creates in me a feeling of awe. This feeling of awe then seems to instantly and paradoxically fill my mind and empty it at the same time.

Optimizing the condition of the PCR detecting of PTEN gene in DNA Research Paper - 1

Optimizing the condition of the PCR detecting of PTEN gene in DNA derived from human cell lines, associated with ageing and senescence - Research Paper Example Traditional PCR is used for amplifying DNA for sequencing, genotyping and cloning. However, this has a number of shortcomings namely; poor precision, low sensitivity, short, dynamic range of less than 2 logs, low resolution, is non-automated, based on discriminatory size only, results cannot be expressed as numbers, the staining agent ethdium bromide is not efficient at quantification and finally, post-PCR processing is required. This paper looks at the analysis of PTEN using traditional PCR method. The process was not successful despite the necessary steps being undertaken. PTEN primer, when used on a Hacat cell line, showed annealing at approximately 62 degrees. However, the use of PTEN with similar parameters that were later altered for optimization yielded no results. The methodology has been discussed, and the gel results showing synthesized images have been included in this report. The discussion that covers the PCR process and its effectiveness has also been included. The fidelity of the PCR process has been discussed to extrapolate on the possible reasons for the failure of this analysis. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog gene commonly referred to as PTEN gene provides the necessary instructions for the synthesis of a protein that is present in almost all body tissues (Sulis, 2003). The protein is significant in its function as a tumor suppressor and aids in the regulation of cell division by inhibiting cells from diving and growing too fast or uncontrollably. PTEN is a phosphotase which modifies other fats and proteins through the removal of phosphate groups comprising of one phosphorus atom and three oxygen atoms (Cohen 1990). There are a number of medical conditions that are linked to PTEN gene mutation including : Cowden Syndrome and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome(Weary et al, 1972; Cohen 1990) which are often termed together as the PTEN hematoma tumor syndrome. The gene mutations that are responsible for these conditions are found in body

Cultural Complexities In The Organisational Structures Commerce Essay

Cultural Complexities In The Organisational Structures Commerce Essay In traditional thinking organisational structure has been treated as the core. Organisational structure in simple terms can be defined as a framework in which organisations make decisions. Therefore, structure represents the nature of decision and procedure. This would contain three components, such as complexity, formalisation and centralisation (Robbins Barnwell, p.7) Complexity- This considers the extent of differentiation within organisation. This contains the degree of specialization (division of labour), the number of levels in organisation hierarchy and the extent to which organisation units are dispersed geographically. For example in the organisation like McDonalds, specialisation would be very low and the hierarchy is not tall like in the organisations like Microsoft or Virgin (Robbins Barnwell, p.7) Formalisation This is the degree to which an organisation relies on rules and procedures to direct the behaviour of employees by instructing them on what employees can do and what they cannot do. The degree of formalisation is very high in organisations like McDonalds and HSBC (Robbins Barnwell, p.7) Centralisation- This is the degree to which decision making is concerned in a single point in the organisation; usually this would be the top management. This considers where the responsibility for the decision making authority lies. If the centralisation is high in the organisation, problem flow upwards and the senior executives choose the appropriate decision and in these types of organisations power distance and formalisation would be high. 3.0. Organisational culture Organisational culture is a system of shared meaning within an organisation. In every organisation there are patterns of beliefs, symbols, rituals, myths and practices that have evolved over time. These, in turn, create common understandings among members as to what the organisation is and how its members should behave (Robbins Barnwell, p.377) Culture of an organisation is the values and behavioural norms of organizational members. There are two types of values such as terminal and instrumental. Terminal values refer to the desired end state or outcome that people try to attain where as Instrumental values refer to desired modes of behaviours (Robbins Barnwell, p.378) Culture exists at two levels (refer appendix diagram 1). The first is outwards manifestations of the culture, which are visible and able to make some form of interpretation. We can recognize the symbols of the organisation, the patterns of communications, the physical arrangement of work spaces and the ways in which power is expressed. We can also listen to the stories those are told and view the ceremonies those members take part in. The second level of culture is made of the deeply held values, beliefs, assumptions, attitudes and feelings those underlie behavior. Beliefs and assumptions at this stage are complex to discover, interpret and understand. Members of organisation may be incapable to recognize the values and beliefs of the organisation. It is the visible level of culture that is amenable to measurement and change, and as a result has been the central point of management activity (Robbins Barnwell, p.378). 3.1. Importance of organisational culture In general, the importance of culture in organisations has to do with the fact that values, norms and beliefs in a normative sense act as a behavioural guidance. Corporate culture can support or frustrate organisational goals thus act as the base for success or failiure of the organisations(Hoogervorst , 2004,p.293). Organisational culture is very important because it is the normative glue that structures the milieu and makes it possible for people to derive meaning from their work, to work comfortably with others, and to focus on key organizational tasks. If we do not understand the culture and the cultural processes clearly we might end up in wrong interpretations and fail in those environments in which we operate. For example, Apple Companys success can be devoted to its rule breaking innovations. This was possible because of this organisation culture which encouraged anti- establishment employees. In contrast to this IBMs success can be devoted to its white collar employees who had focus on customer services. A person who analyses the success stories of both the organisations may fail in his/her studies simply because he/she didnt focus on different corporate culture. Thus, it becomes more important to understand organisational culture (Hatch, 1997,p200) 3.2.Culture and organisational effectiveness Strong cultures in organisations are the intensely held, clearly ordered and widely shared core values. The more the members accept the core values the more they agree on their order of importance and are highly committed to them. This type of cultures can be found in religious, military organisations (Robbins Barnwell, p.382). Further result of a strong culture is it enhances behavioural consistency by conveying employees what behaviours they should engage in and guides them on the things such as the acceptability of absenteeism puctuality. Even though strong cultures improve behavioural consistency, it is only logical to conclude they can be a powerful means of implicit control and can operate as a substitute for formalization (Robbins Barnwell, p.383). In scheins definition culture plays a key role in internal integration and in the external adaptation of the organisation to its environment. The term effectiveness requires an organisations culture, strategy, environment and technology to be aligned and suitable to meet the organisations goals. Thus, the successful organisations will ensure good external fit between strategy, environment and corporate culture (Robbins Barnwell, p.382). 4.0.Has the focus moved from structure to culture in organisations? In my point of view , I think this is a grey area to answer because both the terms are important for any organisation as both these elements go in hand in hand with another. But, I feel the modern organisations in this centuary are focusing more in culture than structure as they started to realise the importance of good human relations within an organisation its direct impact on organisational performance. This could be understood more by applying the Mckinseys 7s model (refer appendix diagram 2).According to this model culture is a combination of every function within the organisation. Therefore, each activity should reflect cultural values based on operations. Thus, the culture demonstrates the shared values(common practices). The other six elements are identified as the issues associated with developing culture. According to McKinsey structure ,system and strategy were treated as hardparts of culture where as the other areas were treated as soft elements those associated with people(Kothari Handscombe, 2007,p.51) According to McKinseys 7s model we can draw a conclusion that culture is the base for every organisations performance and this culture cannot be developed if there is no proper structure. For example, if we take Google, creativity and innovation are their main theme and the management has focused to develop a culture which facilitates that. In order to achieve this organisations structure has been changed to a flat structure where by things are done so informal between the professional software engineers. In order to develop the expected culture, the environment was changed in an informal manner and employees felt they were in a relaxed place. This structure has supported the culture of Google and has helped Google to improve work place relationships and organisational performance(culture and structure as a competitive edge,1994,p.16) Finally, my argument is organisations have started to focus on culture but for that reason they did not lose the focus on structure. 5.0.Functionalist approach to culture Functionalist paradigm has been the primary paradigm in organizational studies. It assumes relationships are concrete and can be identified studied and measured via science. Thus this paradigm believes one can understand organizational behaviour through hypothesis testing. This paradigm also has been influenced by idealist and Marxist thought too. It assumes there are external rules and regulations governing the external world. (Ardalan, 2003,p.202) Functionalist paradigm views culture as top-down argues that culture can be managed and measured because in this paradigm culture is considered to be objective, measurable and able to be managed. Scheins model of culture can be used to understand culture in this paradigm (Module 5, n.d., p.2) 5.1. Scheins theory of culture Schein defines seven issues as assumptions which should be resolved by every culture. They are organisations relationships, nature of human activity, nature of reality and truth, nature of time, nature of human and homogeneity vs. diversity (refer Appendix diagram 3 4). Further he argues the core assumptions can be classified into two categories such as external adaptation tasks (mission and strategy, goals, means and control system) and internal adaptation tasks (common language, group boundary definition, rewards and punishments, status and power relations) (refer Appendix diagram 5). But Schein believes the most important influences of core assumptions from the stand point of shaping culture are norms, values and artefacts (refer appendix diagram 3) (Hatch, 1997, pg 214) Values and norms Values are the social principles, goals and standards within a particular culture. Its basically based on what the member of an organisation care about, such as freedom, democracy, tradition, wealth and loyalty. Value creates the basis for the judgment on what is right what is wrong associated with strong emotions (Hatch, 1997, pg214). Norms are closely associated with values as these are unwritten rules, which allow members of the culture to know whats expected from them. Examples of business norms are when should inform the potential problems to boss what sort of clothing can be warned (Hatch, 1997, pg214). Artefacts creations Artefacts are the visible, tangible and audible remains of behaviour, based on cultural norms, values and assumptions. Artefacts can be categorised as: (refer Appendix diagram 6) Verbal manifestations provided in written and spoken language Physical objects shaped by the members of the culture Ceremonies, rituals and other behavioural manifestations (Hatch, 1997, pg216). Artefacts can be observed by any one and it is the most accessible elements of culture. But artefacts can be misinterpreted easily as they are remote from the core (Hatch, 1997, pg217). Therefore the culture can be identified through various presentations generated by organisations in physical forms. The appearance of these physical forms in organisations products and related processes will demonstrate the culture and signal a particular idea. Example- the Carlsberg symbol would indicate entertainment, fun, integration, relationship and friendships. The above Scheins model of culture also proposes that culture can be managed and measured and is a top-down approach to culture. In other terms culture can be identified and taught to new organisational members so that they can be socialised to accept and fit in with the corporate culture. However, Schein also suggests that the cultural nature of organisations and groups is not that easy to identify because people habitually do not know why they do what they do (Module 5, n.d., p.3) 6.0. Radical humanist approach to culture (subjective-radical change) Theorists in this paradigm are primarily concerned with releasing social constraints that limit human potential. They view the current dominant ideologies as separating people from their true selves. They use this paradigm to validate desire for revolutionary change. Its basically anti-organization in scope. In this view the awareness of man is dominated by the ideological superstructures through which he interacts, and these drive a cognitive wedge stuck between himself and his true consciousness or awareness and this prevents human fulfillment or accomplishment. The radical humanists emphasize the political and repressive nature of purposive rationality, logic of science, positive functions of technology, and neutrality of language. (Ardalan, 2008, p.523) This paradigm views organisational culture as a contested relation between meanings. The distinctive understandings of a particular social group may conflict with those of other social groups. It is in a sense an anti-organisation theory-a theory which is inherently critical of dominant accounts of scientific knowledge and social arrangements. (Parker, 2003,p.77) The phrase subculture has a particular application here since it contains an important recognition that ideas within a social group are heterogonous, plural and often contested. Thus an organisations culture could be viewed as a struggle for hegemony with competing factions attempting to identify the primary purpose of the organisation in a way that meets their perceived definitions. For Martin Parker, the value of this paradigm is its twin stress on power and meaning. Certain groups have additional power to impose their understandings than others, although this does not assure the acceptance since subordinated groups also have power to resist in multiple ways. (Parker, 2003,p.78) Similar to interpretive studies, in methodological terms radical humanism is often reflected in ethnographic approaches, though with a greater focus on symbolic and material conflicts as an endemic feature of the process of organising. (Parker, 2003,81) 7.0. Functionalist approach vs. Radical humanist approach to culture By analysing both the paradigms I found following differences between functionalist radical humanist approaches to culture: Functionalist views culture can be managed and measured because this paradigm is considered to articulate from objective stand point and the sociology of regulation. In contrast to this radical humanist paradigm views organisational culture cannot be measured or managed as this paradigm is concerned to articulate, from a subjective stand point the sociology of radical change (refer appendix diagram 7). Functionalist paradigm argues culture can be learned taught to others whereas the radical humanist argues it cannot be taught to others since different social groups have different contesting values. For example, in functionalist view, an American organisation which tries to establish business operations in Japan will be able to cope up with Japanese culture by learning that culture. Radical humanist argues that American organisation cant adapt to Japanese culture by learning that culture because both the cultures will start to contest. Traditionally it was thought that culture of organisation will resemble founders thoughts, beliefs values. In contradiction to this, modern theories argue corporate culture will resemble a set of values, thoughts beliefs which are similar to the bottom level people. Thus, Functionalist paradigm (traditional thoughts) views culture forms from top to down where as radical humanist(modern thoughts) believes culture forms from bottom to up since there are sub cultures which decide the formation of corporate culture. 8.0. Conclusion In the modern business environment it is quite obvious that organisations have started to focus more on their corporate culture. However, I think that does not mean organisations have lost focus on structure because as I have addressed in this paper before structure is also very important to develop a good corporate culture. In order to make my argument strong I have used Mc Kinseys 7s framework. Functionalist paradigm uses the traditional theories to study the organisations. Further this paradigm believes one can understand organizational behaviour through hypothesis testing. Thus, this paradigm argues organisational culture also can be studied and can be taught to others. Additionally, functionalist paradigm views culture forms from top to down and argues that culture can be managed and measured. Scheins model of culture has been used to understand functionalists approach to culture. In contradiction to the Functionalist paradigm radical humanist paradigm questions the current accepted views of organisations and their impact on society. This paradigm views organisational culture as a contested relation between meanings because it believes different social groups will have different contested values between them. Thus, according to this paradigm organisation cannot simply teach their corporate culture to people there is always a contradiction between people due to their individual cultures. At last, to conclude my report, I would say organisations have started to focus on culture. However, they did not lose the focus on structure. Also there are many differences between functionalist radical humanist paradigms in managing cultures.

Hydroponics

Hydroponics As the world’s population grows exponentially, modern agricultural practices must focus on sustainability, to produce food while making efforts to maintain the environment. In order to produce more food for the growing population, producers have increased their use of viable agricultural lands resulting in 11% of earth being tilled for agriculture. While this number seems to be relatively low, it must be addressed that this 11% usage takes up almost all of the world’s land than can be used for crop production, due to various factors such as human development making the land unusable for growing crops (Owen, 2005).In order to combat this ever-increasing issue, alternative-farming methods must be introduced internationally. One alternative method to traditional field-growth of crops has been shown to be very effective for centuries; this method is now called hydroponic production (Jones, 1997). Ancient Babylonian hanging gardens and Aztecan floating gardens ar e two examples of hydroponics from agricultural history that show the advantages of using hydroponics in an agricultural system (Jones, 1997).Hydroponic production of crops is characterized by the propagation of crops in solutions of water and nutrients; these can be used with or without the addition of a growth media to provide mechanical support to the plant’s root system (Jensen, 2007). Growing plants hydroponically provides a wide array of ecological benefits, ranging from the ability to grow plants without the need for viable cropland, to high sustainability due to extremely low emissions. The basic advantages of growing plants in a hydroponic system are explained in Jones’ book, Hydroponics: A Practical Guide for the Soilless Grower (1997).Jones explains the three main advantages as: â€Å"crops can be grown where no suitable soil exists or where the soil is contaminated with disease,† â€Å"labor for tilling, cultivating, fumigating, watering, and other traditional practices is largely eliminated,† this advantage provides incentives for the use of a hydroponic system, but does not directly affect environmental sustainability, and â€Å"maximum yields are possible, making the system economically feasible in high-density and expensive land areas† (Jones, 1997). These three components are key to what makes hydroponic production of crops a viable choice for ecologically sustainable agriculture.The first core advantage of hydroponic production described by Jones is that when hydroponics are paired with greenhouses or other growing environments, production can take place where no suitable soil is present; this addresses a main issue for the future of the food system and agriculture (Jones, 1997). Because most of the possible agricultural land in the world is already being used for production, (in many cases it is being overused,) efforts must be made to use alternative growing methods without expanding cropland.In most curre nt hydroponic systems, plants are propagated in greenhouses that provide maximum efficiency in growth, also providing high accessibility for farmers and control over the growing environment (Leonhardt and McCall, 1982). Within the greenhouses many different systems of production can be utilized, these systems range from the â€Å"water culture system†, which is the most common and simple, to â€Å"aeroponic systems†, which require the highest technology (Shrestha, Dunn).The water culture system employs the basic function of the hydroponic system of production, using a floating platform that holds plants above the surface of the water. The roots are submerged within the water-solution that has an oxygen pump at the bottom of the tank; the tank supplies the roots with oxygen and other nutrients, this is categorized as an â€Å"active† production technique (Shrestha, Dunn). This method can be used at fairly large scales within a greenhouse and helps farmers to thor oughly manage nutrient availability for their plants, something that conventional farmers cannot control as dynamically.Hydroponic production is divided into two main aggregate systems, closed (or recirculating), and open (or run-to-waste), and these two categories are further subdivided by passive and active systems (Johnson, 2010). Closed systems are the most ecologically efficient option for growing hydroponic plants, this is due to the fact that within this type of system, nutrients and water are recirculated and recycled. This means that farmers can reuse water, and add nutrients to the water as needed as plants deplete the concentrations (Shrestha, Dunn).Plants in a closed system are often grown in gravel or â€Å"rockwool cultures,† which is considered the most widely used growth medium for hydroponic production (Shrestha, Dunn). Rockwool cultures are described as ground-up basalt rocks that is heated and spun into threads and used to form a wool-like material, these f orm small cubes that optimize growth for plants by retaining water and allowing for air space for root development (Shrestha, Dunn).By utilizing recycling of water and nutrients, the closed production system offers the greatest choice for sustainability and is the method of choice for many sustainably driven hydroponic farms. Open systems of hydroponic productions involve disposal using of a â€Å"run-to-waste† system of used nutrients and water (Johnson, 2010). The water-nutrient solutions are used by the plants in passive or active methods, and when they have used to their maximum capacity the water, along with the used nutrients are moved to a waste facility (Shrestha, Dunn).The open systems tend to utilize sand as a growth media, as well as the common rockwool culture (Shrestha, Dunn) Active, as a subcategory of open and closed production methods is described as the use of a wick and a growing media with very high capillary action, this provides the roots with the ability to take in the highest levels of water and nutrients. Active systems pass nutrient solutions directly over the plant roots to allow them to intake the nutrients, water and oxygen (Shrestha, Dunn).Each of these hydroponic production systems have their advantages and disadvantages, although closed systems are the most ecologically-friendly, any of the hydroponic systems will provide environmental and sustainable benefits. Other growing environments have recently been introduced for producing crops hydroponically with even further ecological benefits. Structures such as â€Å"vertical farms,† are being familiarized in the production of vegetables. These â€Å"vertical farms† do not require a lot of space and can utilize closed aggregate production systems.A vertical farm is a system of production that uses vertical tiers of growing pots or entire crop beds, because of their vertical alignment, nutrient solutions can be applied once to the highest level of plants and can, with the help of gravity, be passively applied to the plants growing below (Koerner, 2012). This cutting edge technology in the field of hydroponic production appears to be the direction many producers will take to transition hydroponic systems to a larger scale. An ideal use of vertical farming integrated with hydroponic crop production would be to create large, industrial-sized acilities that have many vertical tiers of growing beds for crops. These facilities could be placed within urban areas to provide fresh food to â€Å"food deserts,† and utilize space that would otherwise not be used. An important environmental benefit of these hydroponic systems is that that high yield production can be obtained with minimal emissions and other factors of agricultural production. Because vertical farming is in its beginning stages, there is no conclusive evidence as to how the technology can be translated for use in large-scale agriculture, but there are many highly environmentally conscious paths that can be taken.Food shortages exist all over the world and these shortages are usually due to the inability to produce food, due to the climate, where the shortages exist. For example, many African countries have food shortages and cannot supply their citizens with adequate levels of food availability. The environment in Africa is not conducive for growing crops for the food system; high temperatures and arid climates do not allow the growth of most major food crops. Incorporating hydroponic systems in these types of environments could allow for production of food, where it would be unfeasible otherwise.Hydroponic production allows farmers to manipulate growing conditions and maintain ideal conditions for the growth of crops resulting in the highest possible yields (Jones, 1997). These yields can be achieved in greenhouses, in arid climates, where many important crops for food staples cannot be grown. The third core advantage described by Jones is that maximum yie lds can be achieved in high density and high priced land areas (Jones, 1997). This advantage is key for producing fresh food within urban environments, while maintaining high yields.Efforts are being made in urban environments to produce fresh vegetables where all â€Å"fresh† produce is imported for consumption. The most prevalent example of this type of agricultural system is taking place in New York City in alternative farming methods called â€Å"rooftop farms. † In various New York boroughs, with Brooklyn being the most common, residents are beginning production of fruits and vegetables on top of their homes and apartments (Foderaro, 2012). These rooftop farms often utilize hydroponic production to maximize yields in these alternative-growing environments.New York is considered to be the leader of the movement for commercial agriculture produced in an urban environment and movements such as this one can help the world’s hunger problem (Foderaro, 2012). Beca use most of the world’s expanding population lives in urban environments, this type of agriculture could be a highly viable solution for agricultural production in the future, utilizing available space that would otherwise not be used, especially not for agriculture. In 2012 under mayor Bloomberg’s administration, rooftop farms gained popularity and were greatly backed by various zoning modifications (Foderaro, 2012).These rooftop farms have shown great environmental benefits; in a New York Times article, author Foderaro describes the benefits for growing fresh produce on the city’s rooftops. These benefits include recycling rainwater that would otherwise be diverted to the sewers, and greatly decreasing the amount of trucks bringing produce into the city, ultimately decreasing emissions of greenhouse gases and the consumption of fossil fuels (Foderaro, 2012). This type of system has promise as being a key part of the sustainable agriculture movement that must b e put into affect to increase production for the food system.The ecological benefits that are posed by the commercialization and adoption of hydroponic production practices have been shown for many years, in many different situations. In order to maximize productivity and yield, hydroponic technologies need to become a mainstream method of commercial farming, if general adoption of these techniques becomes more common, more research efforts will be put towards optimizing production methods. Through these studies, hydroponic production of crops can become a truly viable and ecologically sustainable source of food for the food system.Cited Jones, J. Benton. Hydroponics: A Practical Guide for the Soilless Grower. 1. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1997. 1-11. eBook. Owen, James. † Farming Claims Almost Half Earth's Land, New Maps Show. †Ã‚  National Geographic. 28 10 2010: n. page. Web. 4 Apr. 2013. Jensen, Merle H. â€Å"Controlled Environment Agriculture Center. †Ã ‚  Arizona State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Arizona State University, 21 2 2007. Web. 4 Apr 2013. Shrestha, Arjina, and Bruce Dunn. â€Å"Hydroponics. â€Å"Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service. HLA-6442 n. page. Web. Apr. 2013. Leonhardt, Kenneth W. , and Wade W McCall. â€Å"Hydroponics. †Ã‚  Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service. General Home and Garden Series. 35 (1982): 1-4. Web. 4 Apr. 2013. Koerner, Claudia. â€Å"Vertical farm: Farmer takes crops to new heights. †Ã‚  Orange County Register  [Laguna Beach] 5 9 2012, n. page. Web. 4 Apr. 2013. Johnson, Larry. â€Å"Types of Hydroponic Systems. †Ã‚  ExGro Garden. N. p. , 25 9 2010. Web. 4 Apr 2013. Foderaro, Lisa. â€Å"To Find Fields to Farm in New York City, Just Look Up. †Ã‚  New York Times  11 7 2012, N. Y. /Region n. page. Web. 4 Apr. 2013.

Goods and Services for the Satisfaction of Their Wants - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1662 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Consumer Rights Essay Did you like this example? Consumer behavior Consumer behavior refers to the selection, purchase and consumption of goods and services for the satisfaction of their wants. There are different processes involved in the consumer behavior. Initially the consumer tries to find what commodities he would like to consume, then he selects only those commodities that promise greater utility. After selecting the commodities, the consumer makes an estimate of the available money which he can spend. Lastly, the consumer analyzes the prevailing prices of commodities and takes the decision about the commodities he should consume. Meanwhile, there are various other factors influencing the purchases of consumer such as social, cultural, personal and psychological. The explanation of these factors is given below. 1. Cultural Factors Consumer behavior is deeply influenced by cultural factors such as: buyer culture, subculture, and social class. †¢ Culture Basically, culture is the part of every society and is th e important cause of person wants and behavior. The influence of culture on buying behavior varies from country to country therefore marketers have to be very careful in analyzing the culture of different groups, regions or even countries. Subculture Each culture contains different subcultures such as religions, nationalities, geographic regions, racial groups etc. Marketers can use these groups by segmenting the market into various small portions. For example marketers can design products according to the needs of a particular geographic group. †¢ Social Class Every society possesses some form of social class which is important to the marketers because the buying behavior of people in a given social class is similar. In this way marketing activities could be tailored according to different social classes. Here we should note that social class is not only determined by income but there are various other factors as well such as: wealth, education, occupation etc. 2. Social Fa ctors Social factors also impact the buying behavior of consumers. The important social factors are: reference groups, family, role and status. †¢ Reference Groups Reference groups have potential in forming a person attitude or behavior. The impact of reference groups varies across products and brands. For example if the product is visible such as dress, shoes, car etc then the influence of reference groups will be high. Reference groups also include opinion leader (a person who influences other because of his special skill, knowledge or other characteristics). †¢ Family Buyer behavior is strongly influenced by the member of a family. Therefore marketers are trying to find the roles and influence of the husband, wife and children. If the buying decision of a particular product is influenced by wife then the marketers will try to target the women in their advertisement. Here we should note that buying roles change with change in consumer lifestyles. †¢ Roles and Sta tus Each person possesses different roles and status in the society depending upon the groups, clubs, family, organization etc. to which he belongs. For example a woman is working in an organization as finance manager. Now she is playing two roles, one of finance manager and other of mother. Therefore her buying decisions will be influenced by her role and status. 3. Personal Factors Personal factors can also affect the consumer behavior. Some of the important personal factors that influence the buying behavior are: lifestyle, economic situation, occupation, age, personality and self concept. Age Age and life-cycle have potential impact on the consumer buying behavior. It is obvious that the consumers change the purchase of goods and services with the passage of time. Family life-cycle consists of different stages such young singles, married couples, unmarried couples etc which help marketers to develop appropriate products for each stage. †¢ Occupation The occupation of a p erson has significant impact on his buying behavior. For example a marketing manager of an organization will try to purchase business uits, whereas a low level worker in the same organization will purchase rugged work clothes. †¢ Economic Situation Consumer economic situation has great influence on his buying behavior. If the income and savings of a customer is high then he will purchase more expensive products. On the other hand, a person with low income and savings will purchase inexpensive products. †¢ Lifestyle Lifestyle of customers is another import factor affecting the consumer buying behavior. Lifestyle refers to the way a person lives in a society and is expressed by the things in his/her surroundings. It is determined by customer interests, opinions, activities etc and shapes his whole pattern of acting and interacting in the world. †¢ Personality Personality changes from person to person, time to time and place to place. Therefore it can greatly influenc e the buying behavior of customers. Actually, Personality is not what one wears; rather it is the totality of behavior of a man in different circumstances. It has different characteristics such as: dominance, aggressiveness, self-confidence etc which can be useful to determine the consumer behavior for particular product or service. . Psychological Factors There are four important psychological factors affecting the consumer buying behavior. These are: perception, motivation, learning, beliefs and attitudes. †¢ Motivation The level of motivation also affects the buying behavior of customers. Every person has different needs such as physiological needs, biological needs, social needs etc. The nature of the needs is that, some of them are most pressing while others are least pressing. Therefore a need becomes a motive when it is more pressing to direct the person to seek satisfaction. †¢ Perception Selecting, organizing and interpreting information in a way to produce a m eaningful experience of the world is called perception. There are three different perceptual processes which are selective attention, selective distortion and selective retention. In case of selective attention, marketers try to attract the customer attention. Whereas, in case of selective distortion, customers try to interpret the information in a way that will support what the customers already believe. Similarly, in case of selective retention, marketers try to retain information that supports their beliefs. Beliefs and Attitudes - Customer possesses specific belief and attitude towards various products. Since such beliefs and attitudes make up brand image and affect consumer buying behavior therefore marketers are interested in them. Marketers can change the beliefs and attitudes of customers by launching special campaigns in this regard. READYMADE GARMENTS 1) Raymond’s 2) Van Heusen 3) Levis Strauss 4) Wrangler 5) Lee 6) Pepe Jeans 7) Wills Lifestyle 8) Westside 9) Spyka r 10) BlackBerry This particular service is purchased or selected as it is the most important and basic necessity of our daily life. Clothes are required to human being on an daily basis and now a days new and new companies are coming up due to globalization which further has effected this market a lot and had earned a lot of revenue in it. We require daily new varieties of clothes to wear to look different from others and as well as we have to go with fashion and world. As readymade garments sector is growing and it had a lot of options for everyone from men’s, women’s to children. A lot of stores or particular outlet have been opened if one has to buy of particular good he/she will check the quality, durability and comfort in whatever he/she wear. And preferably go with that and will stick to that particular store or outlet. Further these sector provides an immense type of performance as it is growing it takes full care of customers in fulfilling their desire a nd choice. These markets are full aware of what the customer need what are their preferences so as to keep them happy and maintain a bond and loyalty with them. Many customers has decided their particular outlet or store and now a days as the brands have came in the market they are playing an immense role in this particular sector. Brands have created their own image in front of the consumers as they provide with best quality product with durability customer service and satisfaction after buying. Example: In our day to day life its an individual behavior that he/she will go for brands most of the time as it gives their personality and a stand in the society. In metros brands have created a major role. Also its our human tendency to ask that where have you purchased this particular garment? Is that shop good and trustworthy? All this type of questions shows how the consumer is behaving with the market which is been provided to him. This industry or market provides a vital condi tion to the consumer as if ones the trust is broken then the outlet or a particular company from which the consumer was buying is out of the list from his choice and option. Thus they should provide service of better quality, safety and security of consumer durables as they have to maintain an relation with them. Goods or services rendered should be properly charged not too much high or expensive. If the relation is not maintained then the consumer can switch on to next brand or company or outlet. As the consumer wants change in his lifestyle also. Further he/she will try out different brand in the market which is providing them with better facilities and all the factors which are related for the consumer behavior and to satisfy their needs. The selection of stores or outlet is been done very carefully as it help later on in performing tasks and other functions. If it is not made of immense in nature then brand switching and loyalty will occur. Brand switching means changing o r shifting from one brand to another for satisfaction of goods and services. It also occurs because sometimes consumers get bored or frustrate by wearing the clothes of the same brand again and again. Further it disturbs the loyalty of the brand to which consumer is attached. If loyalty is not maintained then customer will not be benefited and will switch over to other brand or store. Consumer behavior reflects all the qualities which are required for establishing and choosing a company or brand. All the factors are kept in mind and the actions are taken accordingly. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Goods and Services for the Satisfaction of Their Wants" essay for you Create order